powerstop rotors warped. 1 Symptoms of Wrapped Rotors. powerstop rotors warped

 
1 Symptoms of Wrapped Rotorspowerstop rotors warped  You almost always have to replace the brake pads to make sure they have a smooth relationship with the new rotors

As the title says, I would advise from purchasing Power Stop drilled and slotted rotors and pads. Ships from and sold by Amazon. Engine. After 15,000 miles on a new Honda Odyssey, my rotors were warped and the shimmy was. Power Stop Evolution Coated rotors are a direct bolt-on replacement for factory equipment. A warped rotor will cause a vibration in your vehicle while driving and will make it difficult to stop smoothly. Whenever brake pads are replaced, the rotors should also be replaced or resurfaced to allow the new pads to be properly bedded. Being a car guy and in the past doing my own work, broke down and purchased Power Stop slotted/cross drilled front rotors. The Wagner OEX pads are on clearance and great choice for a budget. May 12, 2021. When the rotors become too hot, the metal they are comprised of becomes soft and begins to warp, causing the rotors to malfunction. Hey everyone. Drive for 30-60 seconds and repeat that. Don't worry, though, as the fix is relatively. Website. 5. Scrape from new install is possibly a foreign object stuck in pad material. . 9, WJ and WK jeeps. 4. #1 · Jan 30, 2009. powerstop rotors, pads, or calipers purchased separately: Power Stop LLC warrants its rotors and pads (excluding Track Day and Track Day Spec pads) to be free from defects. The rotors will be very hot and holding down the brake pedal will allow the pad to create an imprint on the rotor. com. The friction-applying brake pads are designed with a softer material than the meta of the rotor. Next. 2. How customer reviews and ratings work. -pads & hardware -calipers and caliper brackets. The difference in Braking is so amazingly smooth, with less chance of hot spots. Powerstop coated rotors are a good choice. 99. I have put new rotors and pads on the front three times, and twice I’ve had the rotors resurfaced. And for some cars a variation in rotor thickness of even less than this limit will give signs to the driver that the rotor (or rotors) are warped. Lance. ) I currently have 2001 type on it on all 4 corners. *The primary cause of DTV, or “warped brake rotors,” stems from using an improper break-in procedure or executing. 1 star. This occurs because your brake. Power Stop Rear Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit. My V6 Mustang with 051A Package is approaching 43k miles and the brakes are still decently but im noticing some fade in normal driving. 1,202 Posts. #2 · Jun 25, 2013. The noise can range from a rhythmic thumping to pitchy groaning hum. Every time you press the brake pedal, the brake pads clamp down on the rotor to create friction. 2000 Mustang GT-Former giggle gas addict. $192. 99. There is a constant hissing noise from the front dash and brake grinding which the. in the many cars that i have owned the past 30 years (and given a chance on stock brake fluid) i. Original 2015 4Runner front rotors were warped and steering wheel would shake on brake so swapped them out to these and they’re beautiful! Stopping power also increased. $202. Power Stop AR83079XPR Rear Evolution Drilled & Slotted Rotor Pair. 5 Easy Installation. This repair lasted two weeks. I drive 86 miles a day roundtrip, 5 days a week for work. Next time you install new calipers, check the runout. $204. 78. I sold my camper so I rarely tow now. Part # YH145287. The coated rotors are billed as Element 3 on RockAuto, although the box is still labeled RPT. Feeling a vibration in the steering wheel while driving can indicate warped power stop rotors; Warped rotors can be both annoying and dangerous; Understanding. USA. Powerstop pads are fine, but my Rotors warped the first few days I had them on. A warped rotor will cause a vibration in your vehicle while driving and will make it difficult to stop smoothly. If your rotors are warped or too thin, the brake pads won’t have enough contact area to grip effectively, and this will extend the stopping distance. Original rotors warped after 40k miles. A loose wheel bearing, tie rod, tie rod end, ball joint, etc. No problem, I'll just replace them, Fast forward to today, and I Still have warped rotors. Constant braking: If you're ever driving down a long hill and are. 90K subscribers in the 4Runner community. Apparently the ‘Chrysler $50 deductible special’ only covers the front rotors. For many drivers, the idea of. The outermost pads both had the "lip" which now i realize is from inadequate surface for the pads to act on. They have not warped. was looking to keep 16"rims, as I have lots of them, and new summer and winter tires for mine. Machete. 4. Have to call for replacement rotors. When I had it at the dealer last month they told me that rotors aren't covered under warranty and it would be $1,000 to do new rotors and pads. Rebuilt it myself. Ever wonder why turning "warped rotors" never really helps and the issue comes back again and again?My 2015 B8. I know the PowerStop Z36 brake kit is a very popular kit for the F150 and many guys on here have installed them and seem to love the improved stopping distance right off the bat. my buddy at the shop ("K-LINE") said it. Second owner of this 2018 LC and assumed ownership with the warped (bouncing brake pedal) rotors. Aug 4, 2007. There’s a possibility the problem is not the rotors at all and this could be why. It's nearly impossible to measure runout when they're hot - so who knows how much variation they have once they heat up. El Taco Diablo Professional Pinstriper. Jul 11, 2021. Rotors warped at 44k . Should have just went with Powerstop rotors the first time. TLCA: #15812. Second: The heating and cooling that people refer to when discussing “warped brake rotors” would cause cracking, not warping. These should last a very long time. This is usually one of the earliest signs of. Write a review. 5 L. Update 2 months later: I bought some powerstop rotors online from rockauto. I have a 2011 Impala LT 99K having problems which indicate warped rotors. Upgrade King: Power Stop Drilled/Slotted Rotors and Ceramic Brake Pads. Total price: Add both to Cart. 75% of motorcycle accidents are caused by faulty brakes, with warped rotors being a major contributor. I plan to replace all 4 rotors and pads and am torn between these 2 companies. The RPT is the same rotor as their R-line, just with the coating. Is there a recommended brand of rotors or should I stick with the ones the local parts store stocks?. The numbers and total costs are below. Schedule Brake Rotors/Discs Replacement. Power Stop 1-Click Performance Pad, Rotor, Drum and Shoe Kits include 2 Power Stop Drilled and Slotted brake rotors, a set of Power Stop Z23 brake pads, a. The aluminum silver color of the coating looks great with today’s open. 35. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Factory 18’s with 275/70r18E ko2’s. Power Stop CRK5334 Coated Brake Rotor & Ceramic Brake Pads- front . . 5. This is where the judder can originate from. 0 out of 5 stars Warped in less than a year. The rotor surface could then be measured as the rotor is turned by hand. “Warped rotors” is a common expression that may be used to explain brake noise or vibrations. I'd say about 30K on the 2014 so far and they've been performing great. I've got about 1. These rotors are already rusting in the same place because they were not coated. Power Stop drilled and slotted rotors give you the advantages of both drilled holes for cooling and slots to sweep away gas and dust. When you hit the brake, the brake pads the rotor to bring your vehicle to a stop. Not a squeal or squeak but a roaring noise like a lion. 1. KMDColo · #2 · Jun 25, 2014. Hard Braking. . 18. Granted, this is trial by fire, but I am a little disappointment to have only gotten about 3 years out of these. KEYWORDS:BatteryBattery Cable ReplacementBattery Replac. First Name: Jon. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. 03 lc 150k. Not worth it - just get new rotors with your pads. 6000 miles and having warped rotors is unacceptable for a Volkswagen much less a $50,000 car. My brother's C5 Corvette had rotors that were rusted on the hub part of them. 96 LX450: 2. P. Way cheaper than the stores, so far so good. This gas and dust reduces the friction force by preventing the pad from fully contacting the rotor. 2kcross drilled and slotted at this level and stock diameter are only for looks a set of ebc performance pads will make a world of difference on stock rotors. In mid-October 2019 I changed my front stock Brembo rotors and pads which were warped (pulsing in the pedal and shaking in steering wheel under high speed braking) at 45k miles. So my ram 1500 CC is my daily driver. California. Three reviews say excellent and two say the rotors warped. 90K subscribers in the 4Runner community. 3) Place a piece of wood between the rotor and hub so you can pull it off without damaging either item. Rotors made uneven by corrosion, wear, heat warps, or certain kinds of damage that alter the surface a bit can be repaired with some resurfacing. I like the advics because like the oem they didn’t shave any of the surface area. 1. One dont wash your car when the rotors are hot, second you can get them turned a few times usually before pitching them. I don’t have a lot of money but I’d like to upgrade the rotors and the PowerStop slotted and drilled one piece rotors look like a good upgrade and aren’t expensive. The amount of heat required to cast a rotor is 3-5 times higher than you could possibly create from even the most aggressive downhill braking. $137. Excessive heat can raise metal areas higher. 7486 Views 29 Replies 12 Participants Last post by ARSENAL670, Apr 30, 2019 Jump to Latest T. The people who insist that the rotor has warped simply don’t understand metallurgy. Your Sportage may have drum brakes on the rear though. Warped Rotor from Factory – Excess Lateral Runout. In the absence of telltale signs involving one’s sense of smell or touch, this is probably the most obvious sign to tell if a brake rotor is bad. This item: Power Stop K1542 Front Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit. For example, if one side of the caliper is sticking, you’ll see more wear on one side of the rotor. Given the choice between drill holes and slots, the drill holes will give you better. Was always told “warped” rotors aren’t really warped, it’s. The second is fluid boiling, the effect is a mushy pedal. Resurfacing your rotors is the practice of using a brake lathe to shave off a small layer of the rotor’s surface. minutiesabotage. Installed Power Stops (z36 heavy duty. 0 out of 5 stars warped after 2 months. However, the first thing I would do is pull those rotors off their hubs and clean the mating surfaces really well ~ looking for rust or any debris that might affect the proper seating of those two components. After installing new disc rotors and/or brake pads, perform eight to 10 slowdowns applying moderate pressure from about 30 to 40 mph (50 to 60 kph) without coming to a stop. The powerstop warranty is three years. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Power Stop K2292 Front Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit at Amazon. 7 posts · Joined 2012. Power Stop K137-36 Front Z36 Truck & Tow Brake Kit, Carbon Fiber Ceramic Brake Pads and Drilled/Slotted Brake Rotors. Hello everyone. 0 PSD Arnott airbag kit. or “warped brake rotors,” stems from using an improper break-in procedure or executing long stops from high speeds without properly. Seems to occur when the brakes are heated up. warped rotors. 002". 4331 posts · Joined 2015. 36. Product lines. 43 Save: up to 22%Low dust braking validated through on-vehicle 3rd party tests in Los Angeles, showing on average 30% less dust versus OE. 1. This causes the brake rotor surface to become uneven and decrease the overall efficiency of the brakes. prior to service @ 22503km. I don't think you can screw rotors up. Best for Comfort: Bosch QuietCast Premium Disc. I looked into the Zimmermann rotors as well and have heard good reviews but looks like they only come. . But, I replaced my front rotors & pads with PowerStop rotors and pads on my '13 LC, and they warped immediately. Today - May 2022 - a trusted mechanic let me know that my pads and rotors need changing. My 2021 XC60 has been diagnosed with warped rotors with <12,000 miles on it. I want heavy duty pads & rotors since it's obvious OEM-grade stuff is woefully inadequate on these cars. I have the PowerStop Z36 kit on two of my Tacoma's (2014 and 2003). Yes, you may run into these screws while trying to unmount the old rotors, they are not however necessary in keeping the rotors in place, the wheel does that. 1. 5i CVT - Slowmobile - CAI only, Powerstop Rotors+Pads. 96 Save: up to 22% $185. . Warped again within a year worse than the factory rotors. Fitment: Nissan Altima 2018-2013. Warped brake rotors can cause excessive wear of your brake pads and in severe cases, can even impact. Failing or sticking calipers. I my new rotors warped within a few thousand miles, after I had rebuilt the front rotors which were really crusty. I have decided based on my other thread, the hard spot when I spin the front left wheel, the vibration and noise that the rotors are warped. Check Details. I replaced the pads and rotors with the Powerstop Z37 kit that runs around $250. Needed new brakes for the Honda Pilot because the stock brakes warped very badly. I feel the power stop rotors should have a little more surface area for the outer pads to act on. The rotors are warped. ‎Power Stop : Brand ‎Power Stop : Model ‎K1944-36 Front and Rear Z36 Truck & Tow Brake Kit, Carbon Fiber Ceramic Brake Pads and Drilled/Slotted Brake Rotors : Item Weight ‎107. I went through 3 factory sets before deciding to do something else. Absolute Junk - just take a look at the online reviews. Power Stop rotors are cast using the finest G3000 metallurgy with strict OE tolerances - making them a perfect, bolt-on upgrade without the need to make any modifications. This is just from my own personal experience. ‎Power Stop : Brand ‎Power Stop : Model ‎Power Stop K5334 Front Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit : Item Weight ‎48. Warped brake rotors are far less effective at stopping fast if you need to slam on the brakes. ‎Power Stop : Brand ‎Power Stop : Model ‎Power Stop K114-26 Front and Rear Z26 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit : Item Weight ‎48. ‎Power Stop : Model ‎Power Stop K690 Front Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit : Item Weight ‎24. This causes the rotor surface to be uneven making the brake pedal feel jittery, and the brake system less efficient. The rotors warped in 12,000 miles. Pad/Caliper Misalignment. Always use a torque wrench when tightening lug nuts. Another common cause of warped brake rotors is. Big brakes provide big stopping power, better heat dissipation, and an increase in the braking system’s life expectancy. 3 x 9. Editor’s Pick: Bosch QuietCast Premium Disc Brake Rotor. Jul 11, 2021. #1 · Apr 25, 2017. . " To correct a sloppy runout on new rotors, you would remove them, rotate the rotor 60deg and remount, check runout again. Verified Purchase. 2 pounds : Product Dimensions ‎14 x 14 x 14 inches : Country of Origin ‎China : Item model number ‎K6023 : Exterior ‎Zinc Plated : Manufacturer Part Number ‎K6023 : OEM. Based on the way rotors are designed and built, the metal will crack long before it can warp. The latest were cross drilled and slotted, they lasted the longest but now they are warped again. One danger of warped rotors is the increased stopping time. 2001 F350 Crewcab DRW. Rotors aren't the issue. This F150 turned out to have a warped hub (. These components are used in street performance and offer. Both are related but different. When Special jobs are done,, all rotors are dropped off to be machined true first. Also referred to as "warped" rotors, though they don't really warp. I'd posted a few months ago how my PowerStop drilled/slotted rotors had warped pretty fast. Junior Member : Join Date: Apr 2015. "Warped rotors" is definitely the common term for a pulsating brake pedal, but the rotors are almost never actually warped from what I've read. 16 votes, 22 comments. Here are the usual suspects behind brake rotor warping: 1. First, there’s no guarantee that there’s enough rotor left to properly shave down to a perfect, non warped shape. My commute is a lot of stop n go traffic, with that comes the often brake slam when someone cuts me off. Also saw oem style rotors made by bear and ebc would they be any better. Lots of brake jobs over that time. I am leaning towards PowerStop drilled and slotted rotors and Akebono pads. PowerStop brake upgrade kits include everything in one box – pads, rotors, hardware and more. Then this issue wouldn't have reared its ugly face again. He confirmed warped front rotors. The dealer turned them down . My 2015 B8. My favorite rotors of late have been the Powerstop coated rotors because of the Geomet coating and their great price. Especially for warped rotors on the front wheels, you could feel a vibration that jitters the steering wheel side to side. Whenever brake pads are replaced, the rotors should also be replaced or resurfaced to allow the new pads to be properly bedded. *The primary cause of DTV, or “warped brake rotors,” stems from using an improper break-in procedure or executing. *The primary cause of DTV, or “warped brake rotors,” stems from using an improper break-in procedure or executing. Read review. . The brake system, such as rotors, calipers, and pads, should be inspected on a regular basis because they do wear down. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. (Stoplight at the bottom of a highway exit ramp, for example. Since learning all this, I do the following and have eliminated all brake shimmy in my personal fleet. Excursion - King of SUVs - Time for new brakes: anything wrong with power stop rotors and hawk hp pads? - Time for at minimum new front rotors and 4 pairs of pads. 00 – $2027. This vehicle had already had the rotors machined and then replaced for a cycling scrubbing noise when the brakes were not applied. cowfodder. A place for 4Runner enthusiasts to gatherHighlights: Effective performance overhaul for your brakes. It's quite possible the rotors have warped again. Most of the rotors in the market today range between 0. I replaced the pads and rotors with the Powerstop Z37 kit that runs around $250. 6L. The last time, two weeks ago, I replaced the rotors, pads both calipers, and both brake hoses. 26. This is to: Smooth out the rotor surface. 5 pounds : Product Dimensions ‎14 x 14 x 10 inches : Country of Origin ‎China : Item model number ‎K1944-36 : Exterior ‎Zinc Plated : Manufacturer Part. Best Overall: Raybestos R-Line Brake Rotor. Varying torque from one lug nut to another can cause your rotors to warp over time. The brake rotors can be warped in the following ways: The brake rotors can become glazed with material from the brake pads. Both. Location. Increased stopping distances – warped rotors can inhibit their capacity to slow the car. 75 inches : Country of Origin ‎China : Item model number ‎K114-26 : Exterior ‎Stainless Steel : Manufacturer Part Number. 6 Superior braking power. The company sent me a new pair for free, mounted them this past summer. #5. 1. 6L V8. Had ordered the real thing- PowerSlot rotors from Stoptech but they ended up backordered so I just mounted the free replacements I. i think i still have the rotors. The third possibility is that the rotor is warped. It's getting worse fast. Mechanic wanted to go with Centric (with price markup) and then I saw a full kit of Powerstop rotors and pads F&R for a decent price. 002 venting clearance and the rotor is either warped, not mounted square, or has pad material stuck on it, say . After 15,000 miles on a new Honda Odyssey, my rotors were warped and the shimmy was. Power Stop KOE5370 Autospecialty Front Replacement Brake Kit-OE Brake Rotors & Ceramic Brake Pads . Checked the pad 's plenty of surface left. When you have bad rotors, you might feel your car shake or vibrate when you press the brake pedal. The PowerStop pads and rotors I put on my wife's Nissan Rogue are still hanging in there after roughly 15,000 miles, so maybe mine developing a pulsation was just bad luck. pads and rotors) because everyone on here raves about them. For example, if one side of the caliper is sticking, you’ll see more wear on one side of the rotor. I have lived in the same area for twenty five years driving the same roads. Based on the way rotors are designed and built, the metal will crack long before it can warp. With JEGS's lowest price guarantee, you are sure to get the best products on the market, and at an unbeatable price. Had rotor comeback issues with PS. Buy Power Stop K3032 Front Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit: Brake Kits. That combo is on its 2nd year without. A big brake kit is going to give you a larger braking system (large 350-370x34mm rotors, 6-piston calipers vs. Warped rotors are the most common cause of brake vibration in a car. 2005 Ford Excursion 6. Follow me on Instagram @hitchin_mitchmy OEM warped also at around 15k. Last time I got the Centric axle packs with. ) The pressure increases the effective contact area of the pad to the rotor and can cause uneven cooling of the rotor. Uneven Wear on Brake Pads. The dealer said they replaced the front rotors because they were warped. Messages. Jonesy. Purchased my 2015 Tundra and after about 5000 miles, noticed the pulsation in the steering wheel. The OEM rotors also warped. To do so, the brake lathe should be set to its slowest setting. Here are a few common reasons: Sudden braking: As you're driving along, if you ever are forced to brake suddenly from a high speed, the friction can cause a level of heat on the rotor great enough to cause the rotor to warp. Power Stop Rear Z23 Carbon Fiber Brake Pads with Drilled & Slotted Brake Rotors Kit. Feeling a vibration in the steering wheel while driving can indicate warped power stop rotors; Warped rotors can be both annoying and dangerous; Understanding the causes of rotor warping and how to prevent it is important; This blog will cover the science behind rotor warping and preventative measures See full list on askcarmechanic. 1. I had a 1984 Volkswagen Jetta that ran the same rotors for over 150,000 mi. Brake systems are designed to the lowest level for vehicles,, it's why larger rotors and calipers are an option. "UN-blocked by Sweden!" 2019 S60 T6 R-Design w/sport chassis. Centric solid discs that are warping fast,Power Stop rotors are cast using the finest G3000 metallurgy with strict OE tolerances - making them a perfect, bolt-on upgrade without the need to make any modifications. Try this first: Drive down an empty road at 60 mph and brake hard, down to ~10 mph ( do not come to a complete stop ). My front rotors are warped again and was considering aftermarket rotors and pads are these slotted and/or drilled rotors less prone to warpage. If the rotor is not in good condition, it can cause problems when you try to stop your car. I understand that most any rotor can be warped doing stupid things. A few months back I spent $300 on a set of Powerstop cross-drilled rotors and EBC Green Stuff brakes pads. When these same rotors were turned on a brake lathe, the cutter initially made contact only at the "high" points, and as the surface truing progressed, it was easy to see the rotor's warp pattern. Very little dust and I got about 30k out of them before the rotors rusted pretty bad. Physical Damage. Drill holes keep brake rotors up to 180 degrees cooler. 1. A-Premium 10. A quick fix that may possibly help with your wheel noise that could be a result of having brake or rotor work done. The bits are missing the rotor. I've had Powerstop drilled and slotted rotors on my cars for over three years now (on both my New edge and Fox). $22139. Once you come to a stop with hot brakes, the pads will imprint more material on one place on the rotor. Not satisfied with the brakes on our 2013 Pilot, and fully aware that the brake rotors on newer Hondas are prone to warping early because I had this same issue with a 2003 Acura TL. I believe I may buy Hawk slotted rotors, and Hawk green pads. Evolution Coated rotors are manufactured with our Tru-Cast™ technology, resulting in a precision cast and precision machined. Remove any grooves or gouges. Replacing warped rotors typically costs around $240 to $485 per axle, with labor costs generally ranging from $175 to $250 and the price of new rotors falling between $65 and $235. Save. When the brake pads and/or calipers aren’t aligned right, you’ll see uneven wear on the rotors. Power Stop rotors have a carbon content that is 3% more than competitive brands, while maintaining a 210 Brinell hardness and 250 MPa tensile strength. A lot of noise, and one of the rotors warped in 2 weeks of driving. Checking all rotor's width at 8 spots round the disc with a micrometer. But to their benefit… that’s much longer than the factory pads and rotors. POWER STOP KOE1052 (2x JBR711 + 17562 = (2 * 19. +. Visit the Power Stop Store. 2 pounds : Product Dimensions ‎14. Warped Rotors - all rotors are slightly warped right out of the box. 8 Handle Heavier Loads Better. *The primary cause of DTV, or “warped brake rotors,” stems from using an improper break-in procedure or executing. 7L Hemi. However, it may be more expensive to have a shop resurface a rotor than it would be to just buy a new one. All drilled and slotted rotors (except for hub rotor assemblies) are silver zinc. For this reason, I. $24810. 1. Our brake kits are available for 98% of cars and trucks on the road. Power Stop K6562-36 Rear Z36 Truck & Tow Brake Kit, Carbon Fiber Ceramic Brake Pads and Drilled/Slotted Brake Rotors. You can see the spots where the bit is not even touching the rotor. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Power Stop Front K1043 Carbon-Fiber Ceramic Brake Pad and 282mm Drilled and Slotted Rotor Z23 Daily Driver Kit at Amazon. I replaced the front rotors with NAPA rotors a number of years ago and that solved the problem. You might have warped rotors. Typical Run-Out Value. 2004 RYP S2000 Apexi VAFCII, K&N FIPK, Carbon Fiber Cooling Plate, PLM header, Berk HFC, Tanabe. Delivery & Support Select to learn more . I bought the powerstop k137 rotor and pad kit in Sep 2019. This last time I changed my wife's brakes, I had the rotors turned. Hey guys, I bought new pads and rotors from RA, for my 19' Ram Laramie 5. I'll try one turning on these if they'll do it, then look for others if it returns. Improve your braking capability under all conditions, wet, hot, hilly, or. I still like just calling a none round/flat rotor warped though even if they are not technically scientifically warped each time. My front rotors warped at less than 30k miles on my 2019. Helpful. The second possibility is that the caliper is not properly aligned with the rotor.